Cisco Wireless Access Point Modes Explained
Every Cisco AP mode explained: Local, FlexConnect, Monitor, Sniffer, Rogue Detector, SE-Connect, Bridge and Mesh. What each does and when to use it.
5 min read
Fundamentals
Networking fundamentals and CCNA-level reference content. The TCP/IP and OSI models, ethernet basics, encapsulation, IPv4 addressing, layer 2 fundamentals, and the Cisco IOS commands every network engineer reaches for. The foundations beneath the pillar guides.
76 posts
Segment Routing (SR-MPLS): Replacing LDP and RSVP-TE
SR-MPLS keeps the MPLS data plane and drops LDP and RSVP-TE. Prefix-SIDs, adjacency-SIDs, source-routed label stacks, SR-MPLS vs SRv6, and why networks migrate.
4 min read
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol): v1, v2, v3 and Why It's Dangerous
How VTP propagates VLANs across a domain, the three modes, the revision-number disaster, v1/v2/v3 differences, and why many engineers disable it.
5 min read
OSPF Passive Interface: What It Does and Where to Use It
OSPF passive-interface stops Hellos and adjacencies on an interface but still advertises its subnet. Config, the default pattern, and the route-filter gotcha.
4 min read
EIGRP Neighbor Requirements: The 5 Things That Must Match
The 5 things that must match for EIGRP routers to become neighbors: subnet, AS number, K-values, authentication, and process membership. Plus what does NOT need to match.
5 min read
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+ and Rapid-PVST+) Explained
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree explained: PVST+ vs Rapid-PVST+, the sys-id-ext Bridge ID trick, per-VLAN root placement for uplink load balancing, and when to move to MSTP.
5 min read