Cisco Modeling Labs 2.8 is now free, with a tier that lets you run routers, switches, and firewalls on your laptop. Here is what it unlocks for lab work and certs.
CML 2.8 brings a free tier, new images, and updated tooling for network simulation. Here is what is new, who benefits, and how to get the most out of the release.
A collision domain is any segment where two devices can step on each other's frames. Here is what shrinks them, why switches help, and how it affects performance.
A working Cisco ASA cheat sheet: show version, write memory, failover, ACLs, NAT, and the troubleshooting commands you actually reach for under pressure.
OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that builds an LSDB, runs Dijkstra, and converges fast. Here is what problem it solves, how it works, and where it fits.