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Root Guard is the third spanning-tree hardening feature, after PortFast and BPDU Guard. It protects an interface from EVER becoming

Spanning Tree's convergence is fast on RSTP - but it is not instant. When you bring up an

Router-on-a-stick is the classic technique for routing between VLANs using a router with only one physical interface to a switch.

CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) and LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) are two ways for network devices to tell each other

An access port normally carries a single VLAN of untagged traffic. There is one important exception: a port connected to

Spanning-Tree Protocol prevents Layer 2 loops by detecting redundant paths and putting one in a blocking state. Rapid-PVST (Rapid Per-VLAN