Straight-Through vs Crossover Ethernet Cables: A Clear Guide

Ethernet cables connect computers and network devices. Two main types exist: straight-through and crossover cables. Each serves a different purpose in networking.

Straight-Through Cables

Straight-through cables are the most common Ethernet cables. They connect:

• Computers to routers
• Computers to switches
• Switches to routers

The wiring in straight-through cables maintains the same pin order on both ends. Pin 1 connects to Pin 1, Pin 2 to Pin 2, and so on.

Crossover Cables

Crossover cables swap specific wire pairs between ends. They connect:

• Computer to computer (direct connection)
• Switch to switch
• Router to router

The key difference is the wire arrangement. Pins 1 and 3 swap with pins 2 and 6 at one end.

Wire Color Coding

Standard straight-through cable order:

1. White/Orange
2. Orange
3. White/Green
4. Blue
5. White/Blue
6. Green
7. White/Brown
8. Brown

Crossover cable order (one end):

1. White/Green
2. Green
3. White/Orange
4. Blue
5. White/Blue
6. Orange
7. White/Brown
8. Brown

Modern Solutions: Auto MDI-X

Many new network devices have Auto MDI-X (automatic crossover). This feature detects the cable type and adjusts the connection. This makes cable type less important for newer equipment.

When to Use Each Cable

Use straight-through cables for:

• Home internet setups
• Office network connections
• Connecting to network switches

Use crossover cables for:

• Direct computer-to-computer connections
• Connecting older switches together
• Legacy network equipment

Quick Identification Tips

1. Check the wire colors through the connector
2. Look for cable labels or printing
3. Test with a cable tester
4. Check device documentation

This guide helps network administrators and IT professionals choose the right cable for their needs. The correct cable choice ensures proper network function and prevents connection issues.